【初中英语定语从句的讲解和例句】在初中英语学习中,定语从句是一个重要的语法知识点。它用于修饰名词或代词,使句子更加具体、清晰。定语从句通常由关系代词或关系副词引导,常见的有:who, whom, whose, which, that, when, where, why 等。
一、定语从句的基本结构
定语从句一般由“先行词 + 关系词 + 从句”构成。其中:
- 先行词:被修饰的名词或代词。
- 关系词:引导定语从句的词,如 who, which, that 等。
- 从句:包含主语和谓语的句子,用来进一步说明先行词。
例如:
The book that is on the table is mine.
(那本书是我在桌子上的书。)
其中,“that is on the table”就是定语从句,修饰“the book”。
二、常见关系词及用法
关系词 | 用法说明 | 举例 |
who | 指人,作主语或宾语 | The girl who is speaking is my sister. |
whom | 指人,作宾语 | The man whom you met yesterday is a teacher. |
whose | 表示所属关系,指人或物 | The student whose bag was stolen reported it to the teacher. |
which | 指物,作主语或宾语 | The car which is red is very expensive. |
that | 指人或物,作主语或宾语 | The man that I saw is my uncle. |
when | 表时间,作状语 | I still remember the day when we met. |
where | 表地点,作状语 | This is the house where I was born. |
why | 表原因,作状语 | That’s the reason why he left. |
三、定语从句的注意事项
1. 当先行词是人时,可以用 who 或 that;但 when, where, why 不能用 that 替代。
2. 当关系词在从句中作宾语时,可以省略,如:
- The girl (whom) I saw is my classmate.
- The book (that) I bought is interesting.
3. 在非限制性定语从句中,必须使用 which 或 who,且前面加逗号,如:
- My brother, who lives in Beijing, is a doctor.
四、总结
定语从句是英语中用来补充说明名词的重要语法结构。掌握常用的关系词及其用法,有助于提高阅读理解和写作能力。通过多做练习题,结合实际语境进行理解,能够更好地掌握这一语法点。
项目 | 内容 |
定义 | 修饰名词或代词的从句 |
结构 | 先行词 + 关系词 + 从句 |
常见关系词 | who, whom, whose, which, that, when, where, why |
注意事项 | 关系词不能随意替换,某些情况下可省略,非限制性从句需用逗号隔开 |
通过不断练习和积累,同学们可以逐步熟练运用定语从句,提升英语表达的准确性和丰富性。